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NIST platform security: roots of trust, firmware and secure enclaves SP 800-147
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Modern computers such as desktop and laptop computers contain program code that facilitates the hardware initialization process. The code is stored in non-volatile memory and is commonly referred to as boot firmware. The primary firmware used to initialize the system is called the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) or the system BIOS . This section provides background information on the system BIOS and its role in the boot process using the conventional BIOS and Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) BIOS as examples. It identifies the primary methods used for updating the system BIOS, and security issues and threats to the system BIOS.