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4.1 Classes of Cryptographic Algorithms

NIST platform security: roots of trust, firmware and secure enclaves SP 800-57 Part 1 Rev. 4
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Title

Classes of Cryptographic Algorithms

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There are three basic classes of approved cryptographic algorithms: hash functions, symmetric-key algorithms and asymmetric-key algorithms. The classes are defined by the number of cryptographic keys that are used in conjunction with the algorithm. Cryptographic hash functions do not require keys for their basic operation. Hash functions generate a relatively small digest (hash value) from a (possibly) large input in a way that is fundamentally one-way (i.e., it is difficult to find an input that will produce a given output). Hash functions are used as building blocks for key management, for example,